[#88,backend][s]: add __type__ attribute to all backends to identify them and provide a more robust and generic way to load backends from a string identifier such as that __type__ field.

* Also remove recline.Model.backends registry as can be replaced with this more generic solution.
* This refactoring is necessitated by our need to serialize backend info for save/reload of a dataset and explorer state in #88.

test/backend.elasticsearch.test.js

@@ -108,10 +108,11 @@ var sample_data = {
 };
 
 test("ElasticSearch", function() { 
+  var backend = new recline.Backend.ElasticSearch();
   var dataset = new recline.Model.Dataset({
       url: 'https://localhost:9200/my-es-db/my-es-type'
     },
-    'elasticsearch'
+    backend
   );
 
   var stub = sinon.stub($, 'ajax', function(options) {

test/backend.test.js

@@ -217,10 +217,11 @@ var dataProxyData = {
 test('DataProxy Backend', function() {
   // needed only if not stubbing
   // stop();
+  var backend = new recline.Backend.DataProxy();
   var dataset = new recline.Model.Dataset({
       url: 'http://webstore.thedatahub.org/rufuspollock/gold_prices/data.csv'
     },
-    'dataproxy'
+    backend
   );
 
   var stub = sinon.stub($, 'ajax', function(options) {
@@ -419,10 +420,11 @@ var sample_gdocs_spreadsheet_data = {
 }
 
 test("GDoc Backend", function() { 
+  var backend = new recline.Backend.GDoc();
   var dataset = new recline.Model.Dataset({
       url: 'https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/0Aon3JiuouxLUdDQwZE1JdV94cUd6NWtuZ0IyWTBjLWc/od6/public/values?alt=json'
     },
-    'gdocs'
+    backend
   );
 
   var stub = sinon.stub($, 'getJSON', function(options, cb) {
@@ -450,7 +452,7 @@ test("GDoc Backend.getUrl", function() {
   var dataset = new recline.Model.Dataset({
     url: 'https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=' + key + '#gid=0'
   });
-  var backend = recline.Model.backends['gdocs'];
+  var backend = new recline.Backend.GDoc();
   var out = backend.getUrl(dataset);
   var exp = 'https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/list/' + key + '/1/public/values?alt=json'
   equal(exp, out);

test/index.html

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
   <script type="text/javascript" src="base.js"></script>
 
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/model.js"></script>
-  <script type="text/javascript" src="model.test.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/base.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/memory.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/dataproxy.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/gdocs.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/elasticsearch.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="../src/backend/localcsv.js"></script>
+  <script type="text/javascript" src="model.test.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="backend.test.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="backend.elasticsearch.test.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="backend.localcsv.test.js"></script>

test/model.test.js

@@ -103,6 +103,16 @@ test('Dataset _prepareQuery', function () {
   deepEqual(out, exp);
 });
 
+test('Dataset _backendFromString', function () {
+  var dataset = new recline.Model.Dataset();
+
+  var out = dataset._backendFromString('recline.Backend.Memory');
+  equal(out.__type__, 'memory');
+
+  var out = dataset._backendFromString('dataproxy');
+  equal(out.__type__, 'dataproxy');
+});
+
 
 // =================================
 // Query